1. C - X-rays → uranium radioactivity → electron → radium
X-rays were discovered in 1895; uranium radioactivity in 1896; the electron in 1897; radium was announced in 1898.
2. A - Mariner 2 Venus flyby → Mariner 4 Mars flyby → Venera 7 Venus landing → Viking 1 Mars landing
Mariner 2 passed Venus in 1962; Mariner 4 passed Mars in 1965; Venera 7 landed in 1970; Viking 1 landed in 1976.
3. D - Hubble → Compton → Chandra → Spitzer
Hubble launched in 1990, Compton in 1991, Chandra in 1999 and Spitzer in 2003.
4. B - iMac → iBook → iTunes → iPod
iMac was introduced in 1998 and iBook in 1999. iTunes debuted on 9 January 2001, before iPod on 23 October 2001.
5. C - PlayStation → PlayStation 2 → PSP → PlayStation 3
PlayStation launched in Japan in 1994, PlayStation 2 in 2000, PSP in 2004 and PlayStation 3 in 2006.
6. A - Sense and Sensibility → Pride and Prejudice → Mansfield Park → Emma
The publication years were 1811, 1813, 1814 and 1815. Emma appeared on 23 December 1815 despite its title page saying 1816.
7. D - Toy Story → A Bug's Life → Monsters, Inc. → Finding Nemo
Toy Story opened in 1995, A Bug's Life in 1998, Monsters, Inc. in 2001 and Finding Nemo in 2003.
8. B - Rubber Soul → Revolver → Abbey Road → Let It Be
Rubber Soul: 1965; Revolver: 1966; Abbey Road: 1969; Let It Be: 1970. Much of Let It Be was recorded before Abbey Road.
9. C - Hemingway → Camus → Steinbeck → Sartre
Hemingway was awarded in 1954, Camus in 1957, Steinbeck in 1962 and Sartre in 1964. Sartre declined the award.
10. A - Maastricht → Amsterdam → Nice → Lisbon
Maastricht was signed in 1992, Amsterdam in 1997, Nice in 2001 and Lisbon in 2007.
11. D - Berlin crossings open → Mandela released → German reunification → Gorbachev resigns
Berlin crossings opened on 9 November 1989; Mandela was released on 11 February 1990; Germany reunified on 3 October 1990; Gorbachev resigned on 25 December 1991.
12. B - Federer → Nadal → Djokovic → Murray
Federer first won in 2003, Nadal in 2008, Djokovic in 2011 and Murray in 2013.