In the world of business, organisations come in various shapes and sizes, each with its own unique way of governance. Governance, in this context, refers to the structure and management of an organisation, including the allocation of authority and responsibility among its members. The choice of business structure significantly impacts how decisions are made, how profits are distributed, and the level of legal and financial liability. Here, we explore some of the most common types of business structures and how they are governed.

1. Sole Trader:

• Governance: Sole traders have complete control over their businesses. They make all decisions, assume all responsibility, and enjoy all profits. While this structure offers full autonomy, it also means personal liability for the business's debts and obligations.

2. Partnership:

• Governance: Partnerships involve two or more individuals or entities who jointly own and operate the business. Decision-making authority, profit distribution, and management responsibilities are defined in a partnership agreement. Partners typically share profits and losses according to the terms of the agreement.

3. Limited Liability Company (LLC):

• Governance: LLCs provide the flexibility of a partnership with the limited liability protection of a corporation. Members of an LLC can structure their governance through an operating agreement. This document outlines management roles, voting rights, and profit distribution among members.

4. Corporation:

• Governance: Corporations are complex entities governed by a board of directors, who represent the shareholders' interests. Shareholders elect the board and have the power to vote on major decisions. The board, in turn, appoints officers who manage the day-to-day operations. This separation of ownership and management provides a degree of liability protection for shareholders.

5. Cooperative:

• Governance: Cooperatives are owned and operated by their members, who often have an equal say in decision-making, regardless of the number of shares they hold. Members elect a board of directors to represent their interests. The cooperative's focus is typically on providing benefits to its members rather than maximising profits.

6. Nonprofit Organisation:

• Governance: Nonprofits are governed by a board of directors or trustees, responsible for overseeing the organisation's mission and operations. The board ensures compliance with nonprofit laws and regulations and is accountable for the organisation's financial integrity and activities.

7. Franchise:

• Governance: Franchise businesses operate under the governance of a franchisor, which sets the standards and guidelines for franchisees. While franchisees have some autonomy in their day-to-day operations, they must adhere to the franchisor's rules and regulations.

8. Social Enterprise:

• Governance: Social enterprises are typically structured as traditional businesses but with a strong emphasis on a social or environmental mission. Governance may vary depending on the specific business model and social goals. Boards, if present, often prioritise social impact alongside financial success.

9. Public vs. Private Organisations:

• Governance: Public companies have extensive governance structures, including boards of directors, executive officers, and shareholder voting rights. Private companies, on the other hand, have more flexibility in their governance structures and may include family governance, investor agreements, or appointed management.

In conclusion, the type of business structure you choose significantly affects how your organisation is governed. Each structure comes with its own set of benefits and challenges. Selecting the right structure for your business is a crucial decision that should align with your goals, objectives, and the way you want your organisation to function. Whether you're aiming for full control, shared responsibility, limited liability, or a social mission, understanding the various business structures and their governance is essential for making an informed choice.